Welcome

This blog’s tagline is adapted from the Emacs Org-Mode motto. It seemed appropriate, as I seem to have spent most of my life writing novels and short stories (of which you can find out more at tonyballantyne.com) or teaching computer coding.

I’ve amassed a lot of material over the years, and I wanted to share it with people who may not have had the same access to education as people living in my country are lucky enough to have. If you want to change the world, become a teacher.

As the the teaching of coding seems to be coming back into fashion, I’ve also included my thoughts on the pedagogy of this subject.

All comments are gratefully received.

JDBC 8: The Complete Code

package dbase2016;

/**
 *
 * @author ajb
 */
public class DBase2016 {

    /**
     * @param args the command line arguments
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    GUIAddStudent  addStudent = new GUIAddStudent();
    addStudent.setVisible(true);
    }

}

package dbase2016;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

/**
 *
 * @author ajb
 */
public class DBase {

    private static Connection con;

    DBase() {
    try {
        Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver").newInstance();
    } catch (Exception ex) {
        System.err.println(ex);
    }

    }

    public static void makeConnection() {
    try {
        con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/bluecoat", "root", "");
    } catch (SQLException ex) {
        System.err.println(ex);
    }

    }

    public static void printPupils() {

    Statement statement;
    makeConnection();
    try {
        statement = con.createStatement();
        ResultSet rs = statement.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM Student");

        while (rs.next()) {
        System.out.println("Forename: " + rs.getString("Forename") 
                  + " Surname: " + rs.getString("Surname")
                  + " Gender: " + rs.getString("Gender") 
                  + " Form: " + rs.getString("Form"));
        }

        con.close();

    } catch (SQLException ex) {
        System.err.println(ex);
    }
    }

    public static ArrayList<Student> getPupils()
    {
    ArrayList<Student> students = new ArrayList();
    Statement statement;
    makeConnection();
    try {
        statement = con.createStatement();
        ResultSet rs = statement.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM Student");

        while (rs.next()) {

        Student student = new Student();
        student.setForename(rs.getString("Forename")); 
        student.setSurname(rs.getString("Surname"));
        student.setGender(rs.getString("Gender"));
        student.setForm(rs.getString("Form"));
        students.add(student);
        }

        con.close();

    } catch (SQLException ex) {
        System.err.println(ex);
    }

    return students;
    }

    public static void addStudent() {

    makeConnection();
    try {
        PreparedStatement prep = con.prepareStatement("INSERT INTO Student (Forename, Surname, Gender, Form) VALUES (?,?,?,?)");
        prep.setString(1, "Last");
        prep.setString(2, "James");
        prep.setString(3, "M");
        prep.setString(4, "9C");

        prep.executeUpdate();

        con.close();

    } catch (SQLException ex) {
        System.err.println(ex);
    }

    }

    public static void addStudent(Student student) {

    makeConnection();
    try {
        PreparedStatement prep = con.prepareStatement("INSERT INTO Student (Forename, Surname, Gender, Form) VALUES (?,?,?,?)");
        prep.setString(1, student.getForename());
        prep.setString(2, student.getSurname());
        prep.setString(3, student.getGender());
        prep.setString(4, student.getForm());

        prep.executeUpdate();

        con.close();

    } catch (SQLException ex) {
        System.err.println(ex);
    }

    }

}

package dbase2016;

/**
 *
 * @author ajb
 */
public class Student {
    private String forename;
    private String surname;
    private String gender;
    private String form;

    /**
     * @return the forename
     */
    public String getForename() {
    return forename;
    }

    /**
     * @param forename the forename to set
     */
    public void setForename(String forename) {
    this.forename = forename;
    }

    /**
     * @return the surname
     */
    public String getSurname() {
    return surname;
    }

    /**
     * @param surname the surname to set
     */
    public void setSurname(String surname) {
    this.surname = surname;
    }

    /**
     * @return the gender
     */
    public String getGender() {
    return gender;
    }

    /**
     * @param gender the gender to set
     */
    public void setGender(String gender) {
    this.gender = gender;
    }

    /**
     * @return the form
     */
    public String getForm() {
    return form;
    }

    /**
     * @param form the form to set
     */
    public void setForm(String form) {
    this.form = form;
    }

}

package dbase2016;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JScrollPane;
import javax.swing.JTextArea;

/**
 *
 * @author ajb
 */
public class GUIDisplayStudents extends JFrame {

    JTextArea textArea;
    JScrollPane scrollPane;

    GUIDisplayStudents()
    {
    this.setSize(300,200);
    this.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
    this.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    textArea = new JTextArea("Sample Text");
    scrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea);
    add(scrollPane);

    }

    GUIDisplayStudents(ArrayList<Student> students)
    {
    this.setSize(300,200);
    this.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
    this.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    textArea = new JTextArea();
    scrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea);
    for(Student student : students)
    {            
        textArea.append(student.getForename() + " " + student.getSurname() + "\n");
    }
    add(scrollPane);

    }

}

package dbase2016;

import java.awt.Container;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import javax.swing.Box;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JTextField;

/**
 *
 * @author ajb
 */
public class GUIAddStudent extends JFrame implements ActionListener{
    
    JLabel lblForename = new JLabel("Forename");
    JLabel lblSurname = new JLabel("Surname");
    JLabel lblGender = new JLabel("Gender");
    JLabel lblForm = new JLabel("Form");
    
    JTextField txtForename = new JTextField("");
    JTextField txtSurname = new JTextField("");
    JTextField txtGender = new JTextField("");
    JTextField txtForm = new JTextField("");
    
    JButton OK = new JButton("OK");
   
    
    GUIAddStudent()
    {
        Container vert = Box.createVerticalBox();
        vert.add(lblForename);
        vert.add(txtForename);
        vert.add(lblSurname);
        vert.add(txtSurname);
        vert.add(lblGender);
        vert.add(txtGender);
        vert.add(lblForm);
        vert.add(txtForm);
        
        vert.add(OK);
        
        OK.addActionListener(this);
        add(vert);
        
        this.setSize(300,250);
        this.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); 
        
    }

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) {
        Student student = new Student();
        student.setForename(txtForename.getText());
        student.setSurname(txtSurname.getText());
        student.setGender(txtGender.getText());
        student.setForm(txtForm.getText());
        
        DBase.addStudent(student);
        
        GUIDisplayStudents  displayPupils = new GUIDisplayStudents(DBase.getPupils());
        displayPupils.setVisible(true);
    }
    
}

JDBC 7: Adding Students using a GUI

Create DBase.addStudent(Student student) Method

public static void addStudent(Student student) {      makeConnection();     try {     PreparedStatement prep = con.prepareStatement("INSERT INTO Student (Forename, Surname, Gender, Form) VALUES (?,?,?,?)");    prep.setString(1, student.getForename());   prep.setString(2, student.getSurname());    prep.setString(3, student.getGender());     prep.setString(4, student.getForm());   prep.executeUpdate();   con.close();      } catch (SQLException ex) {   System.err.println(ex);     }  }

Create GUIAddStudent Class

The following code will display the simple GUI shown

package dbase2016;  import java.awt.Container; import java.awt.event.ActionEvent; import java.awt.event.ActionListener; import javax.swing.Box; import javax.swing.JButton; import javax.swing.JFrame; import javax.swing.JLabel; import javax.swing.JTextField;  /**  *  * @author ajb  */ public class GUIAddStudent extends JFrame implements ActionListener{      JLabel lblForename = new JLabel("Forename");     JLabel lblSurname = new JLabel("Surname");     JLabel lblGender = new JLabel("Gender");     JLabel lblForm = new JLabel("Form");      JTextField txtForename = new JTextField("");     JTextField txtSurname = new JTextField("");     JTextField txtGender = new JTextField("");     JTextField txtForm = new JTextField("");      JButton OK = new JButton("OK");       GUIAddStudent()     {    Container vert = Box.createVerticalBox();   vert.add(lblForename);  vert.add(txtForename);  vert.add(lblSurname);   vert.add(txtSurname);   vert.add(lblGender);    vert.add(txtGender);    vert.add(lblForm);  vert.add(txtForm);      vert.add(OK);   OK.addActionListener(this);     add(vert);      this.setSize(300,250);  this.setLocationRelativeTo(null);   this.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);       }      @Override     public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) {   Student student = new Student();    student.setForename(txtForename.getText());     student.setSurname(txtSurname.getText());   student.setGender(txtGender.getText());     student.setForm(txtForm.getText());     DBase.addStudent(student);      GUIDisplayStudents  displayPupils = new GUIDisplayStudents(DBase.getPupils());  displayPupils.setVisible(true);     }  }

JDBC 6: Get Pupils and Display in GUI

Create a DBase.getPupils() method

A method to fetch all the pupils. They are wrapped in the Student class and then returned as an ArrayList

public static ArrayList<Student> getPupils()
    {
    ArrayList<Student> students = new ArrayList();
    Statement statement;
    makeConnection();
    try {
        statement = con.createStatement();
        ResultSet rs = statement.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM Student");

        while (rs.next()) {

        Student student = new Student();
        student.setForename(rs.getString("Forename")); 
        student.setSurname(rs.getString("Surname"));
        student.setGender(rs.getString("Gender"));
        student.setForm(rs.getString("Form"));
        students.add(student);
        }

        con.close();

    } catch (SQLException ex) {
        System.err.println(ex);
    }

    return students;
    }

Use the getPupils() method in the GUI

package dbase2016;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JScrollPane;
import javax.swing.JTextArea;

/**
 *
 * @author ajb
 */
public class GUIDisplayStudents extends JFrame {

    JTextArea textArea;
    JScrollPane scrollPane;

    GUIDisplayStudents(ArrayList<Student> students)
    {
    this.setSize(300,200);
    this.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
    this.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    textArea = new JTextArea();
    scrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea);
    for(Student student : students)
    {            
        textArea.append(student.getForename() + " " + student.getSurname() + "\n");
    }
    add(scrollPane);

    }

}

package dbase2016;

/**
 *
 * @author ajb
 */
public class DBase2016 {

    /**
     * @param args the command line arguments
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    GUIDisplayStudents  displayPupils = new GUIDisplayStudents(DBase.getPupils());
    displayPupils.setVisible(true);
    }

}

JDBC 5: Creating a GUI

A simple GUI to display database contents

package dbase2016;

import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JScrollPane;
import javax.swing.JTextArea;

/**
 *
 * @author ajb
 */
public class GUIDisplayStudents extends JFrame {

    JTextArea textArea;
    JScrollPane scrollPane;

    GUIDisplayStudents()
    {
    this.setSize(300,200);
    this.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
    this.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    textArea = new JTextArea("Sample Text");
    scrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea);
    add(scrollPane);

    }

}

Student Class

This will be used to wrap the data retrieved from the database

package dbase2016;

/**
 *
 * @author ajb
 */
public class Student {
    private String forename;
    private String surname;
    private String gender;
    private String form;

    /**
     * @return the forename
     */
    public String getForename() {
    return forename;
    }

    /**
     * @param forename the forename to set
     */
    public void setForename(String forename) {
    this.forename = forename;
    }

    /**
     * @return the surname
     */
    public String getSurname() {
    return surname;
    }

    /**
     * @param surname the surname to set
     */
    public void setSurname(String surname) {
    this.surname = surname;
    }

    /**
     * @return the gender
     */
    public String getGender() {
    return gender;
    }

    /**
     * @param gender the gender to set
     */
    public void setGender(String gender) {
    this.gender = gender;
    }

    /**
     * @return the form
     */
    public String getForm() {
    return form;
    }

    /**
     * @param form the form to set
     */
    public void setForm(String form) {
    this.form = form;
    }

}

JDBC 4: The Code so Far…

The Code so Far

package dbase2016;

/**
 *
 * @author ajb
 */
public class DBase2016 {

    /**
     * @param args the command line arguments
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    DBase.addStudent();
    DBase.printPupils();
    }

}

package dbase2016;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;

/**
 *
 * @author ajb
 */
public class DBase {

    private static Connection con;

    DBase() {
    try {
        Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver").newInstance();
    } catch (Exception ex) {
        System.err.println(ex);
    }

    }

    public static void makeConnection() {
    try {
        con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/bluecoat", "root", "");
    } catch (SQLException ex) {
        System.err.println(ex);
    }

    }

    public static void printPupils() {

    Statement statement;
    makeConnection();
    try {
        statement = con.createStatement();
        ResultSet rs = statement.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM Student");

        while (rs.next()) {
        System.out.println("Forename: " + rs.getString("Forename") 
                  + " Surname: " + rs.getString("Surname")
                  + " Gender: " + rs.getString("Gender") 
                  + " Form: " + rs.getString("Form"));
        }

        con.close();

    } catch (SQLException ex) {
        System.err.println(ex);
    }
    }

    public static void addStudent() {

    makeConnection();
    try {
        PreparedStatement prep = con.prepareStatement("INSERT INTO Student (Forename, Surname, Gender, Form) VALUES (?,?,?,?)");
        prep.setString(1, "Last");
        prep.setString(2, "James");
        prep.setString(3, "M");
        prep.setString(4, "9C");

        prep.executeUpdate();

        con.close();

    } catch (SQLException ex) {
        System.err.println(ex);
    }

    }

}

JDBC 3: Queries

Fetch ResultSet

Once you have a connection, you can now fetch data from the database. Add the following method to the DBase class.

The method creates a statement attached to the connection con.
The statement executes a simple MySQL query. The query results are stored in a ResultSet rs.
A pointer is set to before the first record in the ResultSet.
A while statement is used to traverse the set.
Finally, the connection is closed.

public static void printPupils() {

    Statement statement;
    makeConnection();
    try {
        statement = con.createStatement();
        ResultSet rs = statement.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM Student");

        while (rs.next()) {
        System.out.println("Forename: " + rs.getString("Forename") 
                  + " Surname: " + rs.getString("Surname")
                  + " Gender: " + rs.getString("Gender") 
                  + " Form: " + rs.getString("Form"));
        }

        con.close();

    } catch (SQLException ex) {
        System.err.println(ex);
    }
}

package dbase2016;

/**
 *
 * @author ajb
 */
public class DBase2016 {

    /**
     * @param args the command line arguments
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {

    DBase.printPupils();
    }

}

Add a record using a PreparedStatement

Note that we use executeQuery() to retrieve data and executeUpdate() to update the database. Here we’ve hard coded the student we’re adding. A later section will show how to add any student.

public static void addStudent() {

       makeConnection();
       try {
       PreparedStatement prep 
           = con.prepareStatement("INSERT INTO Student
        (Forename, Surname, Gender, Form) 
           VALUES (?,?,?,?)");
       prep.setString(1, "Last");
       prep.setString(2, "James");
       prep.setString(3, "M");
       prep.setString(4, "9C");

       prep.executeUpdate();

       con.close();

       } catch (SQLException ex) {
       System.err.println(ex);
       }

   }

package dbase2016;

/**
 *
 * @author ajb
 */
public class DBase2016 {

    /**
     * @param args the command line arguments
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    DBase.addStudent();
    DBase.printPupils();
    }

}

JDBC 2: Database Class

The following is the class I’m going to use for the main part of this tutorial. It’s just the Quick Start code broken down into methods.

package dbase2016;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;

/**
 *
 * @author ajb
 */
public class DBase {

    private static Connection con;

    DBase() {
        try {
            Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver").newInstance();
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            System.err.println(ex);
        }

    }

    public static void makeConnection() {
        try {
            con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/bluecoat", "root", "");
        } catch (SQLException ex) {
            System.err.println(ex);
        }

    }


    }

}

Check the connection by calling the makeConnection() method as follows. If everything is okay the program will simply terminate. If an exception is thrown, check your port number, username and password.

package dbase2016;

/**
 *
 * @author ajb
 */
public class DBase2016 {

    /**
     * @param args the command line arguments
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    DBase.makeConnection();
    }

}

– More Collections: Return to Lisp Problems Solutions

1 Last Item

Find the last item in an List of String objects

1.1 Solution

1: String lastItem(List<String> a)
2: {
3:     return  a.get(a.size()-1);
4: }

2 Last Item Generic

Find the last item in a Generic List

2.1 Solution

1: Object gLastItem(List<?> a)
2: {
3:     return  a.get(a.size()-1);
4: }

3 Last But One

Find the last but one item in a List

3.1 Solution

1: Object lastButOneItem(List<?> a)
2: {
3:     if (a.size() > 1) 
4:  return  a.get(a.size()-2);
5:     else  
6:  return "List too small";
7: }

4 Iterate through the Elements of a List

Iterate through the Elements of a List, printing them out in turn

4.1 Solution

1: void printEach(List<?> a)
2: {
3:     for (Object e: a)
4:     {
5:  System.out.println(e);
6:     }        
7: }

or using a stream

1: void streamPrintEach(List<?> list)
2: {
3:     list
4:  .stream()
5:  .forEach(System.out::println);
6: 
7: }

5 Eliminate consecutive duplicates from a List.

Write a method that removes consecutive duplicates from a List. The order of the elements should not be changed.

5.1 Solution

1: List<?> removeDuplicates(List<?> a)
2: {
3:     for (int i = 0; i<a.size()-1; i++)
4:     {
5:  if(a.get(i) == a.get(i+1)) a.remove(a.get(i));        
6:     }
7:     return a;
8: }

6 Eliminate consecutive duplicates from a List using HashSet

Remembering that a HashSet cannot contain duplicates, repeat the above question using a HashSet

6.1 Solution

1: HashSet<String> hashRemoveDuplicates(List<String> a)
2: {
3:     HashSet<String> hSet = new HashSet<String>(a);
4:     return hSet;
5: }

7 RLE

Run-length encoding of a list. Consecutive duplicates of elements are encoded as pairs where N is the number of duplicates of the element E.

Note this solution uses the Pair class, defined in the question

7.1 Solution

 1: List<Pair> RLE(List<?> list)
 2: {
 3:     List<Pair> encoded = new ArrayList<Pair>();
 4:     for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++)
 5:     {
 6:     int runLength = 1;
 7:     while (i < list.size() -1 && list.get(i) == list.get(i+1))
 8:     {
 9:         runLength++;
10:         i++;
11:     }
12: 
13:      Pair<Object> pair = new Pair<Object>(runLength, list.get(i));
14:      encoded.add(pair);
15:     }
16:     return encoded;
17: 
18: }

8 Decode a run-length encoded list

Given a run-length code list generated in a previous problem, construct its uncompressed version.

Note this solution uses the Pair class, defined in the question

8.1 Solution

 1: List<Object> decodeRLE(List<Pair> list)
 2: {
 3: 
 4:     List<Object> decoded = new ArrayList<Object>();
 5:     for (Pair pair: list)
 6:     {
 7:     for (int i =0; i<(int)pair.count; i++)
 8:     {
 9:         decoded.add(pair.value);
10:     }
11:     }
12: 
13:     return decoded;
14: }

9 Duplicate the elements of a list

9.1 Solution

 1: List<String> dupli(List<String> list)
 2: {
 3:     List<String> dup = new ArrayList<String>();
 4: 
 5:     for(String s: list)
 6:     {
 7:     dup.add(s);
 8:     dup.add(s);
 9:     }
10: 
11:     return dup;
12: }

or, using a stream

1: List<String> streamDupli(List<String> list)
2: {
3:     List<String> dupli = list
4:              .stream()
5:              .collect(Collectors.toList());
6: 
7:     return dupli;        
8: 
9: }

10 Replicate the elements of a list a given number of times

10.1 Solution

 1: List<String> repli(List<String> list, int num)
 2: {
 3:     List<String> rep = new ArrayList<String>();
 4: 
 5:     for(String s: list)
 6:     {
 7:     for (int i=0; i<num; i++)
 8:     {
 9:         rep.add(s);
10:     }
11:     }
12: 
13:     return rep;
14: }

7: More Collections: Return to Lisp Problems

These problems were inspired by the 99 Lisp problems. Lisp is a very different language to Java; its use of lists means it’s not appropriate to emulate all the original problems in Java, however, there is some benefit in practising the use of Java collections.

The introduction of lambda functions in Java8 made me rethink how best to approach these problems. There are three things being practised here: collections, generics and lambdas. I’ve split up the questions so that they give a chance to practice these different skills.

1 Last Item

Find the last item in an List of String objects

1.1 Example

1: List<String> myList = new ArrayList<>(asList("knife", "fork", "spoon"));
2: System.out.println(lastItem(myList));
3:  *** Output ***
4: spoon

2 Last Item Generic

Find the last item in a Generic List

2.1 Example

1: List<String> myList = new ArrayList<>(asList("knife", "fork", "spoon"));
2: List<Integer> anotherList = new ArrayList<>(asList(1,2,3));
3: System.out.println(gLastItem(myList));
4: System.out.println(gLastItem(anotherList));
5:  *** Output ***
6: spoon
7: 3

3 Last But One

Find the last but one item in a List

3.1 Example

1: List<String> myList = new ArrayList<>(asList("knife", "fork", "spoon"));
2: System.out.println(lastButOneItem(myList));
3:  *** Output ***
4: fork

4 Iterate through the Elements of a List

Iterate through the Elements of a List, printing them out in turn

4.1 Example

1: List<String> myList = new ArrayList<>(asList("knife", "fork", "spoon"));
2: System.out.println(printEach(myList));
3:  *** Output ***
4: knife
5: fork
6: spoon

5 Eliminate consecutive duplicates from a List

Write a method that removes consecutive duplicates from a List. The order of the elements should not be changed.

5.1 Example

1: List<String> myList = new ArrayList<>(asList("knife", "knife", "fork", "spoon","spoon"));
2: printEach(removeDuplicates(myList));
3:  *** Output ***
4: knife
5: fork
6: spoon

6 Eliminate consecutive duplicates from a List using HashSet

Remembering that a HashSet cannot contain duplicates, repeat the above question using a HashSet

6.1 Example

1: List<String> myList = new ArrayList<>(asList("knife", "knife", "fork", "spoon","spoon"));
2: printEach(removeDuplicates(myList));
3:  *** Output ***
4: knife
5: fork
6: spoon

Remembering that a HashSet cannot contain duplicates

7 RLE

Run-length encoding of a list. Consecutive duplicates of elements are encoded as pairs where N is the number of duplicates of the element E.

Use this Pair class

 1: class Pair<T>
 2:    {
 3:        int count;
 4:        T value;
 5: 
 6:        Pair(int count, T value) 
 7:        {
 8:        this.count = count;
 9:        this.value = value;
10:        }
11: 
12:        void print()
13:        {
14:        System.out.print("("+ count + ", " + value +") ");
15:        }
16:    }

7.1 Example

1: List<String> myList = new ArrayList<>(asList("knife", "knife", "fork", "spoon","spoon"));
2:  List<Pair> rle = RLE(myList);
3:  for (Pair r: rle)
4:  {
5:      r.print();
6:  }
7:  System.out.println("");
8:  *** Output ***
9: (2, knife) (1, fork) (2, spoon)

8 Decode a run-length encoded list

Given a run-length code list generated in a previous problem, construct its uncompressed version.

8.1 Example

 1: List<String> myList = new ArrayList<>(asList("knife", "knife", "fork", "spoon","spoon"));
 2:     List<Pair> rle = RLE(myList);
 3:     for (Pair r: rle)
 4:     {
 5:         r.print();
 6:     }
 7:     System.out.println("");
 8: 
 9:     List<Object> decoded = decodeRLE(rle);
10: 
11:     for (Object o: decoded)
12:     {
13:         System.out.println(o);
14:     }
15:  *** Output ***
16: (2, knife) (1, fork) (2, spoon) 
17: knife
18: knife
19: fork
20: spoon
21: spoon

9 Duplicate the elements of a list

9.1 Example

 1: List<String> myList = new ArrayList<>(asList("knife", "knife", "fork", "spoon","spoon"));
 2: printEach(dupli(myList));
 3:  *** Output ***
 4: knife
 5: knife
 6: knife
 7: knife
 8: fork
 9: fork
10: spoon
11: spoon
12: spoon
13: spoon

10 Replicate the elements of a list a given number of times

10.1 Example

 1: List<String> myList = new ArrayList<>(asList("knife", "knife", "fork", "spoon","spoon"));
 2: printEach(repli(myList,3));
 3:  *** Output ***
 4: knife
 5: knife
 6: knife
 7: knife
 8: knife
 9: knife
10: fork
11: fork
12: fork
13: spoon
14: spoon
15: spoon
16: spoon
17: spoon
18: spoon